The first edition of the history was probably written at the court of Judah's King Josiah (late 7th century BCE) and a revised second edition during the exile (6th century BCE), with further revisions in the post-exilic period. The Books of Samuel, together with the books of Joshua, Judges and Kings, make up a unified history of Israel which biblical scholars call the Deuteronomistic History. In 2 Samuel 21, it states that "Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim, the Bethlehemite, struck down Goliath the Gittite". The king asks whose son he is, and David answers, "I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite." David puts the armor of Goliath in his own tent and takes the head to Jerusalem, and Saul sends Abner to bring the boy to him.
The Philistines flee and are pursued by the Israelites "as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron".
"The Philistine cursed David by his gods", but David replies: "This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down, and I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth that all the earth may know that there is a god in Israel and that all this assembly may know that God saves not with sword and spear for the battle is God's, and he will give you into our hand."ĭavid hurls a stone from his sling and hits Goliath in the center of his forehead, Goliath falls on his face to the ground, and David cuts off his head. Saul reluctantly agrees and offers his armor, which David declines, taking only his staff, sling, and five stones from a brook.ĭavid and Goliath confront each other, Goliath with his armor and javelin, David with his staff and sling. Twice a day for 40 days, morning and evening, Goliath, the champion of the Philistines, comes out between the lines and challenges the Israelites to send out a champion of their own to decide the outcome in single combat, but Saul is afraid. In 1 Samuel 17, Saul and the Israelites are facing the Philistines in the Valley of Elah.
There are two separate accounts of Goliath in the Hebrew Bible, appearing in separate books. David hoists the severed head of Goliath as illustrated by Gustave Doré (1866).
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